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aortic insufficiency
Aortic insufficiency (AI), also known as aortic regurgitation (AR), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.〔(Aortic regurgitation ) at Mount Sinai Hospital〕
Aortic insufficiency can be due to abnormalities of either the aortic valve or the aortic root (the beginning of the aorta).
==Causes==
About half of the cases of aortic insufficiency are due to the aortic root dilation (''annuloaortic ectasia''), which is idiopathic in over 80% of cases, but otherwise may result from aging, syphilitic aortitis, osteogenesis imperfecta, aortic dissection, Behçet's disease, reactive arthritis and systemic hypertension.〔Chapter 1: Diseases of the Cardiovascular system > Section: Valvular Heart Disease in: 〕 Aortic root dilation is the most common cause of aortic insufficiency in developed countries. In about 15% the cause is innate bicuspidal aortic valve, while another 15% cases are due to retraction of the cusps as part of postinflammatory processes of endocarditis in rheumatic fever and various collagen vascular diseases. Rheumatic heart disease is the most common cause of aortic insufficiency in developing nations. Additionally, aortic insufficiency has been linked to the use of some medications, specifically medications containing fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine isomers and dopamine agonists. Other potential causes that affect the valve directly include Marfan's syndrome, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.〔 In acute cases of aortic insufficiency, the main causes are infective endocarditis,〔〔VOC=VITIUM ORGANICUM CORDIS, a compendium of the Department of Cardiology at Uppsala Academic Hospital. By Per Kvidal September 1999, with revision by Erik Björklund May 2008〕 aortic dissection or trauma.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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